Time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) is 70s Straight Ass Rip one of the most important reliability issues in Cu/low-k technology development.With continuous technology scalings to nanometer scales, TDDB issue is further exacerbated.In this paper, two failure mechanisms were investigated: the Ta ions migration model and the line-edge-roughness

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic posed a unique challenge for summer research programs in 2020, particularly for programs aimed at hands-on experience for younger trainees.The Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center supports two pipeline programs, which traditionally immerse high school juniors, seniors, and ea

With the envisioned massive connectivity era, one of the challenges for 5G/Beyond 5G (B5G) wireless systems will be handling the unprecedented spectrum crunch.A potential solution has emerged in the form of spectrum sharing, which deviates from a monopolistic spectrum usage system.This paper investigates the medium access control (MAC) as a means o

Abstract It is widely acknowledged that transcriptional diversity largely contributes to biological regulation in eukaryotes.Since the advent of second-generation sequencing technologies, a large number of RNA sequencing studies have considerably improved our understanding of transcriptome complexity.However, it still remains a huge challenge for o

This paper proposes an improved armoured vehicle control room based on ergonomic theory and computer-aided design technology to create efficiency by improving panel Induction Control Module layout and seat design.Current design of existing control rooms that do not maximize ergonomics can create operator fatigue and user error.Optimal control room